20200505
20200504
rappel: les modaux
Rappel : les modaux
Quelques principes :
➤Un auxiliaire modal est :
- invariable
- suivi d'un verbe: modal + V
- un auxiliaire donc il sert à former les questions et négations (pas be soin de do , have ou did...):
ex: can you read that? Yes I can ; no I can't.
➤Il a un sens de base et une forme au passé :
can: capacité / négation: can't or cannot / passé: could
may: permission / may not / passé: might
will: expression du futur surtout... / will not or won't / passé: would
must : obligation / must not or mustn't / (pas de passé)
shall : suggestion (plus rarement utilisé aujourd'hui)/ passé plus utilisé pour exprimer le conseil= should
NB: NEEDN'T est considéré comme un modal (uniquement à la forme négative): il exprime l'absence d'obligation.
➤Les modaux s'utilisent aussi pour exprimer un degré de probabilité:
must pour une forte probabilité: She must be reading .
may pour une possibilité
might pour une faible probabilité
can't si c'est impossible...
➤ Il existe des formes ayant des sens similaires qui ne sont pas des modaux. Par exemple ces formes verbales deviennent indispensables après WILL (puisqu'on ne peut trouver deux modaux à la suite):
- be able to pour exprimer la capacité
- have to pour l'obligation
- be allowed to pour la permission
- be forbidden to pour l'interdiction
Quelques principes :
➤Un auxiliaire modal est :
- invariable
- suivi d'un verbe: modal + V
- un auxiliaire donc il sert à former les questions et négations (pas be soin de do , have ou did...):
ex: can you read that? Yes I can ; no I can't.
➤Il a un sens de base et une forme au passé :
can: capacité / négation: can't or cannot / passé: could
may: permission / may not / passé: might
will: expression du futur surtout... / will not or won't / passé: would
must : obligation / must not or mustn't / (pas de passé)
shall : suggestion (plus rarement utilisé aujourd'hui)/ passé plus utilisé pour exprimer le conseil= should
NB: NEEDN'T est considéré comme un modal (uniquement à la forme négative): il exprime l'absence d'obligation.
➤Les modaux s'utilisent aussi pour exprimer un degré de probabilité:
must pour une forte probabilité: She must be reading .
may pour une possibilité
might pour une faible probabilité
can't si c'est impossible...
➤ Il existe des formes ayant des sens similaires qui ne sont pas des modaux. Par exemple ces formes verbales deviennent indispensables après WILL (puisqu'on ne peut trouver deux modaux à la suite):
- be able to pour exprimer la capacité
- have to pour l'obligation
- be allowed to pour la permission
- be forbidden to pour l'interdiction
20200503
2. 8 Monday May 4th speaking // video and text:
EXPLORING NORTH AMERICA
Searching for a Passage to Asia
In the 1500s, explorers from Europe sailed to the Americas searching for a water route to Asia which they called the Northwest Passage. Hired by the English, John Cabot landed in what is now Canada. The French sent Giovanni da Verrazano and later Jacques Cartier. Da Verrazano explored the east coast of North America and the area of present-day New York City. Cartier made three trips, exploring nearly 1,000 miles along the St. Lawrence River into Canada. In 1608, France sent Samuel de Champlain to start a settlement for fur trading. He named it Quebec.
Further Exploration
Henry Hudson, a sea captain working for Dutch merchants, explored the parts of New York now named for him: the Hudson River and Hudson Valley. The Dutch made a claim on these places and started a colony in 1610. Later Hudson explored for the English, reaching Hudson Bay in what is now Canada. On his voyage around the world, English sea captain Sir Francis Drake explored the western coasts of South and North America He may have sailed as far north as what is now Oregon and even what is now British Columbia.
Searching for a Passage to Asia
In the 1500s, explorers from Europe sailed to the Americas searching for a water route to Asia which they called the Northwest Passage. Hired by the English, John Cabot landed in what is now Canada. The French sent Giovanni da Verrazano and later Jacques Cartier. Da Verrazano explored the east coast of North America and the area of present-day New York City. Cartier made three trips, exploring nearly 1,000 miles along the St. Lawrence River into Canada. In 1608, France sent Samuel de Champlain to start a settlement for fur trading. He named it Quebec.
Further Exploration
Henry Hudson, a sea captain working for Dutch merchants, explored the parts of New York now named for him: the Hudson River and Hudson Valley. The Dutch made a claim on these places and started a colony in 1610. Later Hudson explored for the English, reaching Hudson Bay in what is now Canada. On his voyage around the world, English sea captain Sir Francis Drake explored the western coasts of South and North America He may have sailed as far north as what is now Oregon and even what is now British Columbia.
Inscription à :
Articles (Atom)