2. 11 WILL / les réponses aux questions de la visio leçon pour lundi 18

2. 11 Green cities/ answers

GRAMMAR

A)  Observe

1)   “London will be green”

2)   “Some buildings will be adorned with plants… “

3)   “These structures would be set to capture the carbon dioxide…”.

à Quel est le point commun entre ces phrases

WILL qui permet de parler de l’avenir

à Qu’est-ce que WILL ? De quoi est-il toujours suivi ?

Auxiliaire modal= toujours invariable

Toujours suivi d’une base verbale :  will  +  V

Ex : I will live in a green city.

WOULD = will au passé

à Connaissez-vous d’autres structures pour parler de l’avenir ? :

-present Be + -ing + tomorrow/ next weekend …

ex: I am meeting her tomorrow. 

- be going to + V  (souvent pour des projets ou intentions)

ex: I am going to buy a “green” car.

-be about to+ V  (future “proche”)

ex : Things are about to change (sur le point de changer)

-be likely to + V( forte probabilité pour l’avenir)

ex : He is likely to be elected (il y a de fortes chances que/ il est susceptible de…)

-be bound to + V ( certitude pour l’avenir)

Ex  They are bound to succeed : (ils sont certains d’y parvenir…)

- be to + V…(action programmée)

ex : The plane is to take off at 10 . (l’avion doit décoller…pas d’obligation, c’est juste prévu.)

B)  WILL and ….

à Comment exprimer :

-    la capacité au futur : will __be__ __able__ _to_(+ V)_

-    l’obligation au futur : will _have__to__+ V

-    la permission au futur : will _be  allowed__ _to__+ V_

-    l’interdiction au futur : will _be   forbidden   to  + V

2. 11 WILL...

2. 11 Green cities

GRAMMAR

A)  Observe

1)   “London will be green”

2)   “Some buildings will be adorned with plants… “

3)   “These structures would be set to capture the carbon dioxide…”.

à Quel est le point commun entre ces phrases

à Qu’est-ce que WILL ? De quoi est-il toujours suivi ?

à Connaissez-vous d’autres structures pour parler de l’avenir ? :

-WILL

- be ______________  to  

-be ___________   _________ (future “proche”)

-be _______________  _______ ( forte probabilité pour l’avenir)

-be ________________ _________ ( certitude pour l’avenir)

- be to + V…

B)  WILL and ….

à Comment exprimer :

-    la capacité au futur : will ______ _______ _____

-    l’obligation au futur : will  ________ _______

-    la permission au futur : will ________ _____ ___

-    l’interdiction au futur : will ______ _______ ____

2.8 Relative clauses

2.8 Links GB/ France/ Grammar

Relative clauses

A)  Different clauses

“The man who became king came from France.”

→ Where is the relative clause? What is its antecedent?

→ Compare with:

“The man, who became king, came from France”.

Which difference(s) do you notice?

B)  Different pronouns

1)   Subject or object ?

1.   He is the man who believed the throne was his _ _ _

2.   The man whom they killed was Harold._ _ _ _ _

3.   The language ⃠  they spoke was difficult._ _ _ _ _

4.   The article which I read was on the blog._ _ _ _ _

2)   which antecedent ?

→ Complete with : who, whom, which, that ,  ⃠

a)    If the pronouns are subjects :

human antecedent	Ex: the man ____________ crossed the Channel was called William. EX2: the king,___________ spoke French, had many castles built.
non-human antecedent	EX: Many words ___________sound French were probably invented at that time EX2: The article,  _____________ is on the blog, deals with the two languages.

b)   if the pronouns are objects :

human antecedent	The student  ________________ you heard before is Jules.
non-human antecedent	The text _____________________  you read earlier deals with William…

Going further

1)  whose

Observe: Camille, whose drawing is amazing, should be congratulated....
We could also write: Camille should be congratulated :
 _______ drawing is amazing.

→ What can you infer about “whose”?

2)  , which

We can go out, which is great news.

→ What does  “,which” refer to?

3)  What

They said what the teacher expected.
→ Rephrase “what”?

 They said ________________ the teacher expected.

NB: How would you translate “tout ce que”? _ _ _ _ _

2.11 an article about the future of British cities Friday May 15th

Future Spaces - Cities of Green

adapted from https://www.marshalls.co.uk/

november 2019

Many of the UK’s cities and towns have already pledged to improve their natural environment by implementing a more urban forest atmosphere. Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan has already committed £12m to a ‘Green City Fund’ to cover the cost of tree planting, green space grants, and the growth and management of the city trees in London. His ultimate end game is to ensure that more than half of London will be green by 2050; a challenge indeed.
Yet, whilst the UK’s capital is leading the way towards a more sustainable future, how much interest is there within the market for these eco-friendly innovations? [...]

It is clear from the research that the British public are willing to embrace a greener future and are open to this being reflected in the architecture of their towns and cities, so what would some of the UKs biggest and most vibrant cities look like if they implemented the ideas of biophilic design and urban greenery?

Let's take the example of Leeds

 Thanks to the city’s impressive and forward thinking architecture, some of Leeds’s spiralled buildings, designed to mimic the flow and natural forms of nature, will be adorned with plants and trees to truly emulate the power and fluidity of all things natural. Known as biomimicry, where architecture mimic natural forms, these impressive structures would be set to capture the carbon dioxide and work to produce oxygen. Not only could they counteract pollution, but they could improve the overall well-being and health of residents and visitors, too.

2.11 intro Green cities

                                               Green cities







Bristol










 Vancouver












 Glasgow





 


Leeds